The Poly-γ- d -Glutamic Acid Capsule of Bacillus anthracis Enhances Lethal Toxin Activity
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Additional Conjugation Methods and Immunogenicity of Bacillus anthracis Poly- -D-Glutamic Acid–Protein Conjugates
The capsule of Bacillus anthracis, composed of poly-D-glutamic acid ( DPGA), is an essential virulence factor of B. anthracis. The capsule inhibits innate host defense through its antiphagocytic action. DPGA is a poor immunogen, but when covalently bound to a carrier protein, it elicits serum antibodies. To identify the optimal construct for clinical use, synthetic DPGAs of different lengths we...
متن کاملAdditional conjugation methods and immunogenicity of Bacillus anthracis poly-gamma-D-glutamic acid-protein conjugates.
The capsule of Bacillus anthracis, composed of poly-gamma-d-glutamic acid (gammaDPGA), is an essential virulence factor of B. anthracis. The capsule inhibits innate host defense through its antiphagocytic action. gammaDPGA is a poor immunogen, but when covalently bound to a carrier protein, it elicits serum antibodies. To identify the optimal construct for clinical use, synthetic gammaDPGAs of ...
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In the current study, we show that macrophages adaptively resist anthrax lethal toxin (LT) through a toxin-activated process termed toxin-induced resistance (TIR). TIR was triggered by pretreatment of RAW 264.7 or J774A.1 macrophages with a low dose of LT for at least 6 h, which resulted in resistance to high doses of LT for 96 h. Activation of TIR required functional toxin, because LT subunits...
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Bacillus anthracis lethal toxin (LT) was characterized in plasma from infected African Green monkeys, rabbits, and guinea pigs. In all cases, during the terminal phase of infection only the protease-activated 63-kDa form of protective antigen (PA(63)) and the residual 20-kDa fragment (PA(20)) were detected in the plasma. No uncut PA with a molecular mass of 83 kDa was detected in plasma from to...
متن کاملMicrobial production of poly-γ-glutamic acid.
Poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) is a natural, biodegradable and water-soluble biopolymer of glutamic acid. This review is focused on nonrecombinant microbial production of γ-PGA via fermentation processes. In view of its commercial importance, the emphasis is on L-glutamic acid independent producers (i.e. microorganisms that do not require feeding with the relatively expensive amino acid L-glutami...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Infection and Immunity
سال: 2011
ISSN: 0019-9567,1098-5522
DOI: 10.1128/iai.01145-10